研究方法段落的英文寫法範例
多數人卡的不是「問卷的英文怎麼說」，是「用英文描述我這份問卷」——量表從哪來、幾題、怎麼計分、信度多少，每一句都有慣用的寫法，自己拼很容易寫成中式英文。
本範例假設的研究題目：遠距工作對員工工作滿意度的影響（問卷研究）
第一段：受試者與抽樣（Participants）
範例
Participants were 412 full-time employees recruited from 18 information-service firms in Taiwan through purposive sampling. Eligible participants had worked at their current company for at least six months and were not in managerial positions. The sample was 54.6% female, with a mean age of 33.2 years (SD = 6.8) and a mean tenure of 4.1 years (SD = 3.2). Of the 520 questionnaires distributed, 412 valid responses were returned (response rate = 79.2%).
為什麼這樣寫
四句話的固定順序：**誰、怎麼找到的 → 納入條件 → 樣本描述（性別、年齡、年資，附 SD）→ 發放與回收**。 「recruited from … through … sampling」是描述抽樣的標準句；回收率一定要寫，而且分子分母都寫（412 of 520）。統計符號（SD、M）斜體是 APA 慣例，這裡因為純文字用正體，貼進 Word 後記得改。
第二段：研究工具（Measures）
範例
Job satisfaction was measured with the five-item Generic Job Satisfaction Scale (Macdonald & MacIntyre, 1997). Participants rated each item on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree); a sample item is "I feel good about my job." Items were averaged to form a composite score, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency in the present sample (Cronbach's α = .87). Remote work intensity was assessed with a single item asking participants how many days per week they had worked remotely over the past three months (0–5).
為什麼這樣寫
每一個變項都用同一套五句：**①用什麼量表測（附出處）②幾點量尺、兩端怎麼標 ③舉一題例子 ④怎麼合成分數、高分代表什麼 ⑤信度**。 「was measured with」「was assessed with」交替用避免重複。信度要寫「in the present sample」——引用原作者的信度不算你的。 單題測量（第二段）也要交代量尺範圍與時間框架（over the past three months）。
常見的錯誤寫法
"We used a questionnaire to measure job satisfaction. The questionnaire has 5 questions. The reliability is good." ——三個問題：沒有量表出處（是誰的量表？）、沒有量尺（幾點？）、「reliability is good」沒有數字。這樣寫審查委員無法判斷你的工具能不能用。
第三段：程序（Procedure）
範例
Data were collected between March and June 2025 via an online survey platform. An invitation containing the survey link was distributed through each firm's human resources department. The first page presented the informed-consent form, which described the study purpose, assured anonymity, and stated that participation was voluntary and could be withdrawn at any time; participants proceeded only after indicating consent. The survey took approximately 10 minutes to complete. The study was approved by the university's research ethics committee (No. 2025-017).
為什麼這樣寫
程序段要能讓人**照著重做一次**：時間、管道、知情同意怎麼取得、填答時間、倫理審查編號。 「Data were collected」——data 在學術英文裡是複數，動詞用 were。知情同意那句是必寫的，缺了會被要求補；有 IRB 編號一定要附。
常用句型（替換底線部分）
範例
【量表來源】＿＿ was measured using the ＿-item ＿＿ Scale developed by ＿＿ (year). 【量尺】Responses were made on a ＿-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (＿＿) to ＿ (＿＿). 【計分】Item scores were averaged/summed, with higher scores reflecting greater ＿＿. 【反向題】＿ items were reverse-scored prior to analysis. 【信度】The scale showed acceptable/good/excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .＿＿). 【中文量表翻譯】The scale was translated into Chinese following the back-translation procedure (Brislin, 1970). 【回收率】Of the ＿ questionnaires distributed, ＿ were returned, yielding a response rate of ＿%. 【剔除】＿ responses were excluded because of ＿＿ (e.g., incomplete data, failed attention checks), leaving a final sample of ＿.
為什麼這樣寫
這些不是「翻譯」，是英文論文描述研究工具的慣用結構——照結構填，比自己從中文翻過去自然得多。用中文量表做英文論文時，「back-translation」那句幾乎一定要寫，審查委員會問翻譯品質怎麼確保。
最常見的錯誤與改法
✗ "We used a questionnaire… the reliability is good."
✓ 量表出處、幾點量尺、例題、計分方式、信度數字，五件事都要有
沒有這些，審查委員無法判斷你的測量工具能不能用，方法段等於沒寫。
✗ 引用原作者的信度當自己的
✓ 報告「in the present sample」的信度
信度是樣本的性質不是量表的性質，別人的樣本算出來的不代表你的。
✗ "The data was collected…"
✓ "Data were collected…"
學術英文裡 data 是複數。這是最常被改的一個字。
✗ 中文量表直接用，方法段不提翻譯
✓ 寫明採 back-translation，並說明由誰翻譯與回譯
跨語言使用量表的效度是審查必問題，不主動交代會被要求補。
✗ 程序段沒有知情同意與倫理審查
✓ 寫清楚同意怎麼取得、可退出、IRB 編號
涉及人類受試者的研究，這是投稿與口試的硬性要求。
交出去之前，自己先檢查
- □每個變項是不是都有：量表出處、量尺、例題、計分、信度？
- □信度是自己樣本算的，還是抄原作者的？
- □樣本描述有沒有 M 與 SD？回收率分子分母都寫了嗎？
- □程序段別人能不能照著重做一次？
- □中文量表有沒有交代翻譯程序？
- □data 後面的動詞是不是 were？
其他範例
⚠️ 本頁範例是為教學撰寫的示範內容，不是真實已發表論文的節錄； 範例中引用的文獻是格式示意，不是真實出處，不可直接引用。 直接抄用範例文字會構成抄襲——請照著結構寫你自己的內容。